Kalana Heshan

  J ava, a versatile and widely-used programming language, embraces the principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) to provide developers with a robust and scalable platform for building applications. Among the key tenets of OOP, encapsulation stands out as a vital concept in Java programming. In this article, we will delve into the essence of encapsulation in Java, exploring its benefits and how it contributes to creating efficient, maintainable, and secure code. Understanding Encapsulation in Java: Encapsulation in Java revolves around bundling data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on that data into a single unit known as a class. The class serves as a protective barrier, shielding the internal state from direct external access. The encapsulation mechanism in Java involves the use of access modifiers, such as private, public, and protected, to control the visibility of class members. public class Student { private String name; // Private attribute /...

  J ava, a versatile and widely-used programming language, embraces the principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) to create robust and modular software. One of the key features facilitating this paradigm is the 'abstract' keyword. In Java, the 'abstract' keyword is employed to define abstract classes and methods, offering a powerful mechanism for code organization and structure. In this article, we will explore the nuances of the 'abstract' keyword in Java, its applications, and how it contributes to the elegance of Java's OOP model. Abstract Classes in Java: An abstract class in Java is a class that cannot be instantiated on its own. It often serves as a blueprint for other classes, providing a common interface and shared functionality. The 'abstract' keyword is used to declare abstract classes. Consider the following example: abstract class Shape { abstract double calculateArea(); // Abstract method void display() { System.o...